![]() ![]() It isĮven more useful when it allows the programmer to express their mentalĬhunking, and how they’ve broken a complex problem into pieces. Statements in question are going to be used multiple times. This process is very useful whenever the program Of program statements is often refered to as “wrapping the code inĪ function”. wrapping code in a function The process of adding a function header and parameters to a sequence type conversion An explicit function call that takes a value of one type and computes aĬorresponding value of another type. truth table A concise table of Boolean values that can describe the semantics prompt A visual cue that tells the user that the system is ready to accept input data. Inside a branch of another conditional statement. nesting One program structure within another, such as a conditional statement logical operator One of the operators that combines Boolean expressions: and, In Python the keywords if, elif, and else are conditional statement A statement that controls the flow of execution depending on someĬondition. condition The Boolean expression in a conditional statement that determines whichīranch is executed. comparison operator One of the six operators that compares two values: =, !=, >, Python chained conditionals are written with if. chained conditional A conditional branch with more than two possible flows of execution. branch One of the possible paths of the flow of execution determined byĬonditional execution. Values result when a Boolean expression is evaluated by the Python Boolean value There are exactly two Boolean values: True and False. Boolean expression An expression that is either true or false. Boolean algebra Some rules for rearranging and reasoning about Boolean expressions. body The block of statements in a compound statement that follows the Glossary ¶ block A group of consecutive statements with the same indentation. ![]() Ok, so can we get tess to draw a bar chart? Let us start with some data to be charted,Ĭorresponding to each data measurement, we’ll draw a simple rectangle of that height, with a fixed width.ĥ.13. We use lor("blue","red") to set the turtle We’ve previously set the color of our turtle - we can now also set its fill color, which need notīe the same as the turtle and the pen color.It is a two-step process.įirst we call the method alex.begin_fill(), then we draw the shape, then we call alex.end_fill(). We can fill a shape (circle, semicircle, triangle, etc.) with a color.We can get a turtle to display text on the canvas at the turtle’s current position.Here are a couple of new tricks for our turtles: Or within PyScripter, use Help and search for the turtle module. The turtle has a lot more power than we’ve seen so far. In that case, we can use the pass statement, whichĭoes nothing except act as a placeholder. To have a section with no statements (usually as a place keeper, or scaffolding,įor code we haven’t written yet). If statement, but there has to be at least one statement in each block. There is no limit on the number of statements that can appear under the two clauses of an Is skipped if the Boolean expression evaluates to False, and insteadĪll the statements indented under the else clause are executed. Unindented statement marks the end of the block.Įach of the statements inside the first block of statements are executed in order if the BooleanĮxpression evaluates to True. The indented statements that follow are called a block. Line begins with the keyword if followed by a Boolean expression and ends with Statements like for, the if statement consists of a header line and a body. If BOOLEAN EXPRESSION : STATEMENTS_1 # Executed if condition evaluates to True else : STATEMENTS_2 # Executed if condition evaluates to FalseĪs with the function definition from the last chapter and other compound Similarly, for the and operator, if the expression on the left yields False, Python does not Python does not (and need not) evaluate the expression on the right - this is called short-circuit evaluation. The expression on the left of the or operator is evaluated first: if the result is True, Is True if (x > y) is False, that is, if x is less than or equal to Semantics (meaning) of these operators is similar to their meaning in English. There are three logical operators, and, or, and not,īoolean expressions from simpler Boolean expressions.
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